World Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF IBUPROFEN TRANSDERMAL PATCHES

2025-05-22T09:47:45+00:00

The purpose of this research was to develop a transdermal patches containing drug Ibuprofen with different ratios of Eudragit L 100, Sodium Alginate, Chitosan polymeric systems by the solvent casting method by using to Propylene Glycol as plasticizer. Different concentrations of Dichloromethane and Tween80 were used to enhance the transdermal permeation of Ibuprofen. The physicochemical compatibility of the drug and the polymers studied by differential scanning calorimetry and infrared spectroscopy suggested absence of any incompatibility. Formulated transdermal films were physically evaluated with regard to thickness, weight variation, drug content, folding endurance, percentage of moisture content. All prepared formulations indicated good physical stability. In-vitro permeation studies of formulations were performed by using Franz diffusion cells. Formulation F12 containing 200mg of Chitosan shows maximum drug permeation rate within 12hrs. Kinetic models were used to confirm release mechanism of the formulations. Ibuprofen release from the patch F12 followed Zero order kinetics and shows super case II transport mechanism.

FORMULATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF RIZATRIPTAN COLON TARGETED PULSINCAP

2025-05-22T09:23:28+00:00

The purpose of the present study was to design and evaluate an Oral, site specific, Pulsatile drug delivery system containing Rizatriptan as a model drug, which can be time dependent manner, to modulate the drug level in synchrony is a member of the drug class known as statins It is used for lowering cholesterol based on chrono pharmaceutical considerations. The basic design consists of an insoluble hard gelatin capsule body, filled with powder blend and sealed with a hydrogel plug. The powder blend containing Rizatriptan, Ludiflash, lycoat, Croscarmellose sodium, MCC and talc was prepared and evaluated for flow properties and FTIR studies. From the obtained results, F12 powder blend formulation was selected for further fabrication of pulsatile capsules. Hydrogel plug was formulated in a lone and in combination of hydrophobic polymer like ethyl cellulose with hydrophilic polymers like HPMC K15M in 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1 ratios to maintain a suitable lag period and it was found that the drug release was controlled by the proportion of polymers used. The prepared formulations were evaluated for drug content, weight variation and Invitro release studies. FTIR studies confirmed that there was no interaction between drug and polymers and Invitro release studies of pulsatile device revealed that increasing hydrophilic polymer content resulted in delayed release of Rizatriptan from the pulsincap after a predetermined lag time of 6hrs. Based on in vitro studies performed, C3F12 was found to be optimized formulation.

FORMULATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF DASATINIB FLOATING MICROSPHERES

2025-05-22T09:41:29+00:00

Dasatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for the treatment of Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia or chronic myeloid leukemia. The present work is formulation of Dasatinib floating microspheres by using xanthan gum, Eudragit S100 and Ethyl Cellulose. All the formulations were subjected for preformulation evaluation. Results of preformulation studies, FTIR, SEM, particle size and size distribution, % yield, drug content, buoyancy time, entrapment efficiency, in vitro dissolution and release kinetics. The FTIR Spectra revealed that, there was no interaction between polymers and Dasatinib. On the basis of release data of Dasatinib formulation F12 showed a good controlled release profile with maximum entrapment efficiency because of optimum polymer concentration i.e., 1:4 ratio (Eudragit S100) with sodium alginate than other drug: polymer ratios. The invitro dissolution data for best formulation F12 were fitted in different kinetic models i.e, zero order, first order, Higuchi and korsemeyer-peppas equation. Optimized formulation F12 shows zero order drug release with Super case II transport mechanism.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF NANOSUSPENSION OF MACITENTAN BY EMULSIFICATION SOLVENT EVAPORATION METHOD

2025-05-22T09:36:47+00:00

The aim of the present work is to develop oral Nanosuspension of Macitentan by Emulsification solvent evaporation method using various Stabilizers & Surfactants such as Poloxamer-188, PVP K30, Pluronic® F-127, and SLS. Various formulation as well as process parameters were optimized in order to achieve desirable size and saturation solubility. Characterization of the prepared Nanosuspension was done with respect to particle size, zeta potential, saturation solubility, dissolution rate, morphology study (SEM), in-vitro dissolution study. Average particle size of Nano suspension of optimized formulations (NS12) was found to be 261.5 nm. From the in-vitro Diffusion studies we can say that formulation NS12 shows best drug release of 99.12±1.30%, within 30 minutes whereas all the other formulations didn’t release the drug. The drug release from the Nanosuspension was explained by the using mathematical model equations such as zero order, first order, and equation methods. Based on the regression values it was concluded that the optimized formulation NS12 follows First order kinetics.

FORMULATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF RIVAROXABAN MICROSPHERES

2025-05-22T09:31:17+00:00

Microsphere drug delivery methods have been utilized to boost effectiveness, reduce toxicity, and improve patient compliance. Additional benefits of using microspheres to deliver medications include controlled drug release, improved bioavailability, and targeted drug delivery to the desired location. In order to achieve the required therapeutic effect, Chitosan is encapsulated in a biodegradable microsphere delivery system and given orally. The benefit of microsphere formulations over traditional tablet or capsule formulations is that they increase the surface area exposed to the absorption site, boosting medication absorption and reducing drug dose frequency. An anticoagulant and the first orally active direct factor Xa inhibitor. Rivaroxaban microspheres were prepared by Ionotropic Gelation Technique using different ratios of Rivaroxaban and Sodium Alginate, along with polymers like HPMC K15M, Pectin and Chitosan. Rivaroxaban microspheres were evaluated for percentage yield, particle size. Surface morphology, flow properties, drug content and entrapment efficiency and were found to be within the acceptable range. Invitro dissolution studies of the microspheres revealed that the formulation F12 containing Chitosan as a polymer shows maximum drug release at the end of 12 hours, when compared with the other formulations. Drug release kinetics of the optimized formulation states that the formulation F12 follows zero order drug release with Super case II transport mechanism.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF AN AROMA THERAPY ROLL-ON USING MANDARIN ORANGE PEEL (CITRUS RETICULATA) ESSENTIAL OIL

2025-05-22T09:45:06+00:00

Mandarin oranges (Citrus reticulata) are cultivated on a large scale in Southeast Asia, and their peel is an excellent source of essential oil, which is largely used in aromatherapy preparations. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify mandarin essential oil, prepare it as a roll-on aromatherapy product, and conduct a thorough physical analysis. Mandarin peels were hydro distilled to extract essential oil and then examined for physicochemical properties. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) identified 18 chemical constituents of which the major one was limonene (28.58%). The product also contained lemongrass oil, menthol, coconut oil, and camphor. Physical characteristics like viscosity, stability, specific gravity (0.91 g/mL), and antibacterial activity were measured. The formulation inhibited Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The yield of the essential oil was 0.54%, and formulation M1 showed the maximum aroma intensity with a duration of almost five hours. In general, the roll-on aromatherapy satisfied all physical assessment criteria and showed significant antibacterial activities. This indicates that mandarin essential oil can be used successfully in topical aromatherapy use for sensory and therapeutic purposes

FORMULATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATIONOF DORAVIRINE SOLID DISPERSIONS BY USING HOT MELT EXTRUSION

2025-05-22T09:38:17+00:00

FORMULATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF CLOBAZAM ORALLY DISINTEGRATING TABLET

2025-05-22T09:51:27+00:00

An Orally disintegrating tablet disperses readily in saliva and the drug is available in solution or suspension form for the immediate absorption and resulting in rapid onset of action. In the present research work Clobazam Oral disintegrating tablet were prepared by Direct Compression Technique using varying concentrations of Lycoat, Croscarmellose sodium and Ludiflash as super disintegrants. The formulations prepared were evaluated for precompression & post compression parameters. Form the drug excipient compatibility studies we observe that there are no interactions between the pure drug (Clobazam) and optimized formulation (Clobazam+ excipients) which indicates there are no physical changes. Post compression parameters was found to be within the limits. Among the formulation prepared the tablet containing concentration of Ludiflash shows 99.24±1.42% of the drug release within 60 min & follows first order kinetics. The overall result indicated that the formulation F12 containing Ludiflash is better and fulfilling of the needs of the Orally disintegrating tablet.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF IVABRADINE BUCCAL PATCHES

2025-05-22T09:29:40+00:00

Ivabradine is a HCN channel blocker used to reduce the risk of hospitalization for worsening heart failure in adult patients. The present investigation is concerned with the development of the Ivabradine buccal films, which were designed to prolong the buccal residence time, to increase penetration through buccal mucosa and thus increase the bioavailability and its half life. Various formulations were developed by using release rate controlling film forming polymers like, Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, Eudragit and Chitosan in various combinations using plasticizer Propylene Glycol. The prepared films were evaluated for number of parameters like physical appearance and surface texture, weight uniformity, thickness of the films, folding endurance, swelling index, tensile strength, drug excipients interaction study, content uniformity, in-vitro drug release study. The FTIR studies indicate that Ivabradine showed complete entrapment within the polymer carrier bonding is suggested and there were no chemical interaction. From all the formulations, F12 shows maximum drug release at the ends of 8 hrs and chosen as optimized formulation and which follows zero order release with super case II transport mechanism.

A SYSTAMIC REVIEW ON DRUG INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY

2025-05-22T09:49:30+00:00

The kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining physiological balance, including pH regulation, hormonal activity, blood pressure, and waste elimination. Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is a common cause of kidney injury, particularly among older adults and patients with multiple health conditions. It accounts for up to 20% of acute renal failure cases and may affect as many as 66% of older patients. This summary reviews different disease associated with kidney such as usually Crystal Nephropathy, Rhabdomyolysis, Thrombotic Microangiopathy, Acute Interstitial Nephritis (AIN), Chronic Interstitial Nephritis, Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN), Chronic Interstitial Nephritis, Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN), Nephrotic Syndrome. As systematic review has been done on the drugs associated with nephrotoxicity and mechanism related to nephrotoxicity.

A REVIEW: NANOPARTICLE IN PHARMACEUTICAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

2025-05-22T09:25:36+00:00

Nanotechnology” is the most recent development in the field of pharmaceutical sciences. Nanopharmaceuticals are made up of goods that are nanoscale and can be altered in a variety of ways to enhance their properties. The use of nanoparticles in tissue engineering, medication transport, imaging, sensing, disease diagnostics, and treatment holds great promise for understanding fundamental biological processes. The use of nontechnology in medicine and drug administration has created new avenues and opened numerous doors to offer safer and more individualised treatment options. High stability, high specificity, high drug-carrying capacity, controlled delivery, targeted release, flexibility in using different routes of administration, ability to deliver both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drug molecules, and site-specific targeting are just a few of the many benefits that make nanoparticles more promising and efficient than traditional drug delivery systems. Drug delivery systems and numerous other sectors have seen revolutionary advances as a result of nanomaterials such as polymeric nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, liposomes, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, dendrimers, metallic nanoparticles, and polymeric nanoparticles. In order to administer medications over longer periods of time with less frequent doses, as well as with greater precision and penetration in tissues that are difficult to reach, researchers can manipulate molecule size and surface features. This chapter provides an overview of the various kinds of nanopharmaceuticals, including their characteristics, preparation techniques, benefits, and uses in the pharmaceutical and medical industries.

APPLICABILITY OF JALOUKA IN SHALYAJA VYADHI

2025-05-22T09:34:50+00:00

The basic Ayurvedic treatment is based on two principles. Shodhan chikitsa (Elimination Therapy) and Shaman chikitsa (Internal medicine). Shodhan Chikitsa deals with five Purificatory Procedures popularly known as Panchakarma. Acharya Susruta included Raktamokshana in Panchakarma and described it as the best procedure because it eliminates all three vitiated Doshas -Vata, Pitta & Kapha. Jalaukavacharana is a type of Raktamokshana where Jalauka are used for Raktamokshana ( bloodletting). This is considered as the unique method of Raktamokshana as vitiated Doshas are removed from the body without using any sharp instruments, so, Raktamokshana by means of ‘Jalauka’ comes under Ashastra category. Rakta vitiated by Vaat Pitta Kapha should be removed from the body by using Sringa, Jalouka,Alabu respectively. Method of removing blood from the body using Jalouka is considered as the easy and convenient method so it is manly indicated in Old, fearful ,women weak persons, delicate persons.