World Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

ROLE OF NANOPARTICLES IN THE TREATMENT OF CANCER: A REVIEW

Rama Devi Korni — 2024-11-20

One of the wide variety of diseases known as cancer is characterized by the unchecked growth of abnormal cells that can enter, destroy, and spread throughout healthy human tissue. An unusual lump, unusual bleeding, chronic cough or breathing difficulties, and weight changes, including unintentional gain or loss, are some of the main signs and symptoms of cancer. Currently, traditional cancer treatments are confined to surgery, radiation, immuno, targeted, and chemotherapy, all of which have the potential to be harmful. However, these conventional anticancer treatments, are challenged by drug resistance, severity, and side effects. To combat this, nanotechnology has been the subject of much research and application in the treatment of cancer. This is because nanotechnology possesses inherent anti-cancer properties owing to its antioxidant action, which also inhibits the formation of tumors. When it comes to treating cancer, nanoparticle-based drug delivery offers several benefits over traditional drug delivery, such as improved stability and biocompatibility, higher permeability and retention effect, and precise targeting. Many anti-cancer drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate, Doxil (doxorubicin), and Abraxane (paclitaxel), have been effectively manufactured using nanomaterials. This study summarizes current developments in the field of cancer treatment and addresses the many kinds of nanoparticles, their benefits, and their targeting mechanisms.

ADVANCEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF LIVER DISORDERS USING RESEALED ERYTHROCYTES

Sincy Sebastian — 2024-11-20

Red Blood Cells (RBCs) have distinct qualities including biocompatibility, biodegradability and the ability to release drugs selectively are becoming a viable drug delivery platform these days. The reversible opening of erythrocyte membranes made feasible by recent developments in nanopore technology permits efficient loading and encapsulation of therapeutic drugs. This strategy has the potential to transform both therapeutic and diagnostic applications to be flexible and targeted drug administration. Since resealed erythrocytes can accurately deliver medications while minimizing side effects, they show great potential in both passive and active targeted applications. Erythrocytes also can flex through capillaries and their biconcave form improves their effectiveness as drug transporters. Numerous techniques have been developed for encapsulating pharmaceuticals with erythrocytes, such as electro-encapsulation, hypotonic dilution, and hypotonic haemolysis. Each of these approaches has unique benefits with controlled release and drug loading efficiency. The use of erythrocytes in drug delivery has significant advantages over other factors, such as potential alterations to erythrocyte physiology and the reticuloendothelial system (RES) rapid clearance. In addition, Resealed erythrocytes have demonstrated exceptional potential in delivering antineoplastic medicines, targeting hepatic tumours, and providing enhanced pharmacokinetics in treating liver problems. These carriers may become widely used in therapeutic settings, especially for the facilitated delivery of hormones, steroids, and biopharmaceuticals. The future prospects of erythrocyte-based drug delivery systems as an innovative and attainable strategy in modern medicine are highlighted in this paper.

STUDY OF THE FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF EUPHORBIA HIRTA

NADIR EL Mostafa — 2024-11-20

The analysis of the phytochemical composition of Euphorbia hirta identified a range of compounds, including saponins, polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, coumarins, and cardiac glycosides. Quantitative assessments showed that the methanolic extract from the roots is particularly high in phenolic compounds, measuring 128.45 ± 5.1 μg GAE / mg of extract. In contrast, the methanol extract from the stems had the highest concentration of flavonoids, at 36.11 ± 0.45 μg QE / mg of extract. The antioxidant capacity of the polar extracts was assessed using the DPPHº method, revealing that the root methanol extract exhibited significant antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value of 07.04 ± 0.14 μg / ml. Furthermore, a correlation was observed between the levels of polyphenols and the presence of phenolic compounds.

FORMULATION AND INVITRO CHARACTERIZATION OF MACITENTAN SOLID DISPERSION TO FAST DISINTEGRATING TABLETS

T.Mohitha, — 2024-11-20

Macitentan is an endothelin receptor antagonist utilized for the management of pulmonary arterial hypertension to impede disease development.It is a BCS Class II medication. To enhance the biological efficacy of Macitentan, a solid dispersion was formed into an oral disintegrating tablet utilizing PEG 6000, Xylitol, and PVP K30. Solid dispersions of Macitentan were created using several carriers in distinct ratios of drug to carrier (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4). The outcomes of the generated solid dispersions of Macitentan using the solvent evaporation method were examined, including solubility, melting point determination, drug content uniformity, and in vitro dissolution investigations.Characterization in the solid state was conducted using several analytical methods, including FT-IR investigations.Ultimately, while evaluating all formulations, formulation (F12) including Macitentan and PVP K30 in a 1:4 ratio demonstrated superior outcomes using the solvent evaporation technique after 60 minutes, achieving maximal drug release; hence, it was designated as the optimal formulation.Fast dissolving tablets were produced from the optimal formulation utilizing several disintegrants at varied concentrations.The pre-compression and post-compression parameters were analyzed, and the findings were presented. All findings fall within permissible limits.The in vitro drug release of the prepared tablets was conducted using a 6.8 pH phosphate buffer. The F12T12 formulation with 50mg of Cropovidone exhibits a drug release of 99.74±1.48% within 20 minutes. The improved formulation adheres to first-order release kinetics.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION CARBAMAZEPINE BILAYER TABLET

G.Kumari — 2024-11-20

Gastro-retentive medication delivery methods are extensively utilized to extend the retention of dose forms in the stomach. The floating bilayer tablet formulation provides sustained drug release and extended stomach retention, in addition to the benefits of a liquid oral dose form. This study aimed to formulate and assess floating bilayer tablets of Carbamazepine utilizing various polymers, including Lycoat and Crospovidone as superdisintegrants, and Xanthan Gum and Carbopol 934P as extended-release polymers, alongside additional substances such as Magnesium stearate, Sodium bicarbonate, citric acid, Talc, PVP K30, MCC, and Lactose. The fabricated bilayered tablets were assessed for hardness, weight fluctuation, thickness, friability, drug content homogeneity, and in vitro dissolution experiments. F6(IR) and F12(SR) were identified as the optimum formulations based on many assessment factors. The aforementioned buoyancy measurements indicate that F12 exhibits a greater total floating time compared to the other formulations. Formulations F6 (IR) and F12 (SR) exhibited the highest drug release within the specified timeframe. All formulations underwent drug release kinetics tests, including zero order, first order, Higuchi matrix, and Peppas model equations. The sustained release (SR) formulations exhibited zero order release with a super case II transport mechanism.

PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF SAFINAMIDE ORAL THIN FILMS

K.Latha Sri — 2024-11-20

A fast-dissolving medicine delivery system provides a solution for people who experience trouble swallowing pills or capsules. This research aims to generate oral thin films of Safinamide via the solvent casting process. Oral thin films were made utilizing several super disintegrants, such as lycoat and crospovidone, in varying ratios alongside gelatin and polyvinyl alcohol as film-forming agents. The formulated films were assessed for film thickness, folding endurance, in-vitro disintegration time, and in-vitro drug release profile in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer. Investigation of drug content and drug-polymer interactions using infrared spectroscopy. Among all formulations, formulation F12, made with 450 mg of crospovidone, exhibited favorable drug release (99.34±1.25%).

FORMULATION AND INVITRO EVALUATION OF ROFLUMILAST ORALLY DISINTEGRATING TABLET

V Naga Keerthi Priya — 2024-11-20

An Orally disintegrating tablet disperses readily in saliva and the drug is available in solution or suspension form for the immediate absorption and resulting in rapid onset of action. In the present research work Roflumilast Oral disintegrating tablet were prepared by Direct Compression Technique using varying concentrations of Croscarmellose Sodium, Crospovidone and Ludiflash as super disintegrants. The formulations prepared were evaluated for precompression & post compression parameters. Form the drug excipient compatibility studies we observe that there are no interactions between the pure drug (Roflumilast) and optimized formulation (Roflumilast+ excipients) which indicates there are no physical changes. Post compression parameters was found to be within the limits. Among the formulation prepared the tablet containing 2.5 mg concentration of Ludiflash shows 99.85±1.46% of the drug release within 60 min & follows first order kinetics. The overall result indicated that the formulation F12 containing Ludiflash is better and fulfilling of the needs of the Orally disintegrating tablet.

QUALITY EVALUATION OF NYCTANTHES ARBOR-TRISTIS EXTRACTS BY UV-VIS SPECTROSCOPY AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY TECHNIQUES

B. Sandhya Rani — 2024-11-20

Nyctanthes Arbor-tristis is one of the most useful medicinal plants in India. Each part of the plant has some important medicinal value and is thus commercially exploitable. The popular medicinal use of this plant is anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-allergic and diabetes control and it is used as several diseases. The present research is to isolate plant pigments by different extraction techniques and to focus on the identification and determination of the purity, quality, quantity by using UV-Visible spectroscopy and High performance thin-layer chromatography technique. From the results obtained by the above analytical techniques it is observed that Soxhlet extraction technique showed better results in HPTLC when compared to masceration technique.