World Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

SOLUBILITY ENHANCEMENT OF ORNIDAZOLE BY COMPLEXATION WITH BETA CYCLODEXTRIN.

M.Yamini — 2025-07-10

This research explores the formulation of fast dissolving tablets enriched with beta cyclodextrin (β-CD) to augment dissolution characteristics. Beta cyclodextrin β-CD, a cyclic oligosaccharide, offers a unique molecular cavity that accommodates drug molecules, thereby enhancing their solubility and bioavailability. Various formulations were prepared and assessed for parameters including disintegration time, dissolution rate, and drug content uniformity. Results demonstrate that the inclusion of β-CD significantly improves dissolution rates, leading to enhanced drug release compared to conventional tablets. Optimized formulations exhibit rapid disintegration, facilitating swift drug delivery.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF CLOZAPINE ORALLY DISINTEGRATING TABLETS

CH. Praveen Kumar — 2025-08-01

An Orally disintegrating tablet disperses readily in saliva and the drug is available in solution or suspension form for the immediate absorption and resulting in rapid onset of action. In the present research work Clozapine Oral disintegrating tablet were prepared by wet granulation method using varying concentrations of Lycoat, Croscarmellose sodium and Ludiflash as super disintegrants. The formulations prepared were evaluated for precompression & post compression parameters. Form the drug excipient compatibility studies we observe that there are no interactions between the pure drug (Clozapine) and optimized formulation (Clozapine+ excipients) which indicates there are no physical changes. Post compression parameters was found to be within the limits. Among the formulation prepared the tablet containing concentration of Ludiflash shows 99.26±1.28% of the drug release within 60 min & follows first order kinetics. The overall result indicated that the formulation F12 containing Ludiflash is better and fulfilling of the needs of the Orally disintegrating tablet.

FORMULATION AND INVITRO EVALUATION OF LURASIDONE ORAL THIN FILMS

S Mounika Reddy, — 2025-07-10

Fast dissolving drug delivery system offers a solution for those patients having difficulty in swallowing tablets/capsules. The present research work is to develop oral thin films of Lurasidone by using solvent casting method. Oral thin films were developed by using various super disintegrants like Lycoat and Ludiflash in different concentrations with Xanthan Gum, Poly vinyl alcohol as a film forming agents and Propylene Glycol as Plasticizer. The prepared formulations of films were evaluated for film thickness measurement, folding endurance study, in-vitro disintegration time, in-vitro drug release pattern (in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer). Drug content, and drug-polymers interaction study (IR spectroscopy). Among all formulations, the formulation (F12) prepared by 180 mg of Lycoat show good drug release (99.37±1.45%).

BIOSIMILARS AND BIOBETTERS IN INDIA: REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, SCIENTIFIC CHALLENGES, AND IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES – A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Bhimana Sasidhar — 2025-07-24

Background: In response to India's increasing need for cutting-edge treatments, biosimilars provide an affordable substitute for pricy original biologics. A regulatory framework for biosimilar approval has been established by the Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO), with a focus on post-marketing safety monitoring, clinical comparability, and analytical similarity. The purpose of this review is to critically examine the scientific, regulatory, and implementation environment surrounding biosimilars and biobetters in India, with a focus on present issues and potential future paths. Methods: With an emphasis on stakeholder perceptions, pharmacovigilance, and regulatory compliance, a narrative synthesis of Indian biosimilar guidelines, scientific development pathways, and practical implementation barriers was carried out. Findings: With a strong regulatory environment and expanding domestic production capacity, India has become a global centre for biosimilars. Nonetheless, there are still issues with post-marketing surveillance, immunogenicity evaluation, and clinical trial design. Although they need specific regulatory pathways, biobetters, as next-generation biologics, represent an emerging innovation space. Enhancing biosimilar adoption and guaranteeing patient safety requires capacity-building, regulatory harmonisation, and stakeholder education. In conclusion, maximising the potential of biosimilars and biobetters in India requires improving pharmacovigilance systems, encouraging local innovation, and fortifying regulatory infrastructure. In line with national health priorities, strategic policy interventions can further enhance therapeutic affordability and accessibility.

MONOCROTOPHOS USES AND DISADVANTAGES IMPACT ON SOCIETY

U D. Pawar — 2025-08-22

Monocrotophos is a member insecticide organophosphorus compound, it is an important insecticide and has a diversified role in agriculture. In India is one of the major players in the agriculture sector worldwide and it is the approx. 55% of India’s population. India has the largest area planted for wheat, rice, and cotton, and is the largest producer of milk, pulses, and spices in the world. It is the second-largest producer of fruit, vegetables, tea, farmed fish, cotton, sugarcane, wheat, rice, cotton, and sugar. The agriculture sector in India holds the record for second-largest agricultural land in the world generating employment for about half of the country’s population. The organophosphorus insecticide Monocrotophos play an important role in agriculture.

ADVANCEMENTS IN BIOSENSOR TECHNOLOGIES: FROM NANOBIOSENSORS TO BIOCOMPATIBLE AND OPTICAL SYSTEMS FOR CLINICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS

Bhimana Sasidhar — 2025-07-23

Biosensor technology has progressed enormously over the past few years, mainly due to the merger of advanced materials, nanotechnology, and design strategies. This systematic review aims to provide a broad synthesis of the current research landscape, spanning an array of studies addressing the advances and applied aspects of biosensors in a variety of sectors. Biosensors with their unique ability to detect biological analytes with high sensitivity and specificity have become indispensable in clinical diagnostics, where fast and accurate detection of diseases, biomarkers, and pathogens is crucial. For environmental monitoring, biosensors are indispensable in the detection of pollutants, toxins, and pathogens, thus allowing real-time monitoring of air, water, and soil quality. On the other hand, wearable biosensors have changed the paradigm for personal health management by continuously monitoring vital signs, glucose levels, and other parameters. This review discusses material innovations including graphene, nanomaterials, and molecular imprinted polymers, as well as design innovations like miniaturization, wireless capabilities, and integration with AI for enhanced data processing. By synthesizing developments across these diverse applications, this review aims to identify trends, challenges, and future prospects in this ever-changing field of biosensor technology.

NANOWIRES IN DIAGNOSIS OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

Dr. Dhaliya Salam A — 2025-08-08

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by the accumulation to improving therapeutic outcomes, yet current diagnostic tools are often invasive, expensive, and lack sufficient sensitivity for early-stage detection. Recent advancements of amyloid-beta plaques and tau tangles, leading to cognitive decline and neuronal loss. Early diagnosis is critical in nanotechnologyparticularly the application of nanowireshave opened promising avenues for the development of highly sensitive, non-invasive diagnostic tools for AD. Nanowires, owing to their unique one-dimensional structure, high surface-to-volume ratio, and tunable electrical and optical properties, serve as powerful platforms for biomarker detection. Various types of nanowires, including gold, silicon, carbon, and conducting polymer nanowires, have been engineered to detect AD-related biomarkers such as amyloid-beta and tau proteins through electrochemical sensing, field-effect transistor (FET) configurations, fluorescence, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Despite significant progress, challenges remain in ensuring biocompatibility, reproducibility, and clinical scalability. This review highlights the mechanisms, materials, and sensing strategies used in nanowire-based diagnostics for Alzheimer’s, emphasizing their potential to revolutionize early detection and enable more effective disease management.

BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN MEDICINAL PLANTS DUE TO EXPOSURE TO PESTICIDES

Dr. Ragunathan Muthusamy — 2025-07-17

Pesticides are essential for agricultural pest management and crop protection, but their use often results in unanticipated biochemical changes in medicinal plants that could jeopardise their safety and effectiveness. This study outlines the current understanding of the biochemical alterations caused by pesticide exposure in medicinal plants, with a focus on alterations in primary and secondary metabolites, oxidative stress responses, and detoxification systems.
Pesticides that can interfere with plant metabolism and significantly change the production of bioactive compounds include insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides. Changes in primary metabolites, such as proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, may have an effect on the growth and development of plants. More significantly, both quantitative and qualitative alterations are often observed in the secondary metabolites—alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, and glycosides—that confer medicinal properties to plants. According to some study, pesticide-induced toxicity may result in a drop in some secondary metabolites, whereas defensive responses may cause them to rise.
Pesticide exposure induces oxidative stress in plants, leading to an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In order to fight oxidative damage, medicinal plants activate antioxidant defence mechanisms, which include enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase) and non-enzymatic (ascorbic acid, glutathione, phenolic substances) antioxidants. The degree of oxidative stress and the efficiency of the antioxidant response are influenced by the type, concentration, and duration of pesticide exposure.
Additionally, pesticides affect the detoxification processes of plants, particularly the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, which degrade and eliminate toxic chemicals. These biochemical alterations may raise or lower a plant's therapeutic value, depending on how detoxification and metabolic disruption are managed.
Since changing phytochemical profiles may impact therapeutic efficacy, potency, and safety, these alterations have important ramifications for herbal therapy. Furthermore, users of therapeutic plants may be at risk for health problems due to pesticide residues. In order to ensure that medicinal plants continue to provide therapeutic benefits while posing the fewest risks to human health, this study emphasises the need for sustainable agricultural practices, strict pesticide regulations, and additional research to evaluate the long-term biochemical effects on medicinal plants.