World Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Analytical Method Development and Validation of Macitentan and Tadalafil Using RP-HPLC in Bulk and Tablet Formulations.

Sabbani Ranjith Kumar — Fri, 29 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

the simultaneous evaluation of Macitentan and carbidoxopa. The chromatogram was performed using Agilent (250mm 4.6mm, 5μ). A mobile phase consisting of 0.1% OPA, acetonitrile, in a 45:55 ratio was injected across the column at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The temperature was kept steady at 30°C. The optimal wavelength for Macitentan and carbidogopa was 220 nm. Macitentan and carbidogpa's percentage RSDs were 0.9 and 0.8, respectively. The retention durations for Macitentan and carbidogopa were found to be 2.443 and 2.990 minutes, respectively. The Recovery was found to be 99.89% and 99.58% Respectively. The regression equation for Macitentan is y = 142567x + 5088.2, whereas that for Tadalafil is y = 203509x + 9089.6.

SOLUBILITY ENHANCEMENT OF ORNIDAZOLE BY COMPLEXATION WITH BETA CYCLODEXTRIN.

M.Yamini — Thu, 10 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This research explores the formulation of fast dissolving tablets enriched with beta cyclodextrin (β-CD) to augment dissolution characteristics. Beta cyclodextrin β-CD, a cyclic oligosaccharide, offers a unique molecular cavity that accommodates drug molecules, thereby enhancing their solubility and bioavailability. Various formulations were prepared and assessed for parameters including disintegration time, dissolution rate, and drug content uniformity. Results demonstrate that the inclusion of β-CD significantly improves dissolution rates, leading to enhanced drug release compared to conventional tablets. Optimized formulations exhibit rapid disintegration, facilitating swift drug delivery.

Development and Validation of a Novel RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Budesonide and Albuterol in Bulk and Tablet Formulations

Podchanpally Vamshi krishna — Fri, 29 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The concurrent assessment of albuterol and Budesonide. Kromasil was used to create the chromatogram (250mm 4.6mm, 5μ). At a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, a mobile phase made up of OPA and acetonitrile in a 45:55 ratio was injected across the column. A constant temperature of 30°C was maintained. 244 nm was the ideal wavelength for albuterol and budesonide. The percentage RSDs for bedesonide and albuterol were found to be 0.7 and 0.2, respectively, and their retention periods were 2.473 and 3.316 minutes. Budesonide and albuterol's regression models yielded LOD and LOQ values of 0.011, 0.035, and 0.01, 0.03 correspondingly. Budesonide's regression equation is y = 145694x + 700.57, while albuterol's is y = 146661x + 1161.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF CLOZAPINE ORALLY DISINTEGRATING TABLETS

CH. Praveen Kumar — Fri, 01 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

An Orally disintegrating tablet disperses readily in saliva and the drug is available in solution or suspension form for the immediate absorption and resulting in rapid onset of action. In the present research work Clozapine Oral disintegrating tablet were prepared by wet granulation method using varying concentrations of Lycoat, Croscarmellose sodium and Ludiflash as super disintegrants. The formulations prepared were evaluated for precompression & post compression parameters. Form the drug excipient compatibility studies we observe that there are no interactions between the pure drug (Clozapine) and optimized formulation (Clozapine+ excipients) which indicates there are no physical changes. Post compression parameters was found to be within the limits. Among the formulation prepared the tablet containing concentration of Ludiflash shows 99.26±1.28% of the drug release within 60 min & follows first order kinetics. The overall result indicated that the formulation F12 containing Ludiflash is better and fulfilling of the needs of the Orally disintegrating tablet.

FORMULATION AND INVITRO EVALUATION OF LURASIDONE ORAL THIN FILMS

S Mounika Reddy, — Thu, 10 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Fast dissolving drug delivery system offers a solution for those patients having difficulty in swallowing tablets/capsules. The present research work is to develop oral thin films of Lurasidone by using solvent casting method. Oral thin films were developed by using various super disintegrants like Lycoat and Ludiflash in different concentrations with Xanthan Gum, Poly vinyl alcohol as a film forming agents and Propylene Glycol as Plasticizer. The prepared formulations of films were evaluated for film thickness measurement, folding endurance study, in-vitro disintegration time, in-vitro drug release pattern (in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer). Drug content, and drug-polymers interaction study (IR spectroscopy). Among all formulations, the formulation (F12) prepared by 180 mg of Lycoat show good drug release (99.37±1.45%).

PHARMACOLOGICAL SCREENING EVALUATION OF ANTI DIABETIC ACTIVITY ON ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ACACIA ARABICA LEAVES

Patnam Saicharan goud — Tue, 30 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In India, the number of people suffering from diabetes is believed to be rising steadily and the current antidiabetic therapies are frequently reported to have adverse side effects. Ethno medicinal plant use has shown promise for the development of cheaper, cost-effective antidiabetic agents with fewer side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the antidiabetic activity and mechanism of action of Ethanolic extract prepared from Samanea saman. Since this claim has not been investigated scientifically, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antidiabetic effect and phytochemical screening of Streptozotocin -induced diabetic Rats. The leaves of Samanea saman have been used in traditional health systems to treat diabetes mellitus. However, the antidiabetic activity of this medicinal plant is not scientifically validated and authenticated. The present study aimed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo anti-diabetic activity of flower crude extract and solvent fractions of Samanea saman. The in vitro α–amylase inhibition of the crude extract and solvent fractions of Samanea saman. Blood glucose lowering activity of 80% Ethanolic crude extract and solvent fraction was studied in animal models: Hypoglycemic rats model, oral glucose loaded rat model, dose-treated Streptozotocin -induced diabetic Rat model. The effect of the crude extract on diabetic lipid profile was studied. The acute toxicity study of Samanea saman leaves extract did not show mortality in the animals at the limit dose during the observation period. The result of α–amylase enzyme inhibition activity was found in a dose-dependent manner, the strongest activity was shown by Crude extract fraction (89.60 % inhibition at 1000 μg/mL) compared to the standard acarbose having 97.19% inhibition at 1000 μg/mL. The crude extract of Samanea saman showed significant blood glucose-lowering effect on hypoglycemic rats and oral glucose loaded rats. In Streptozotocin -induced diabetic rats model, the crude extract fraction significantly decreased the fasting blood glucose level after 14 days of treatment. The result demonstrated the beneficial biochemical effects of Samanea saman extract by inhibiting α–amylase improving serum lipid profile levels. The leaves crude extract are effective in lowering blood glucose levels in diabetic and hypoglycemic rats. The claimed traditional use as antidiabetic has scientific ground.

RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation for the Analysis of Levodopa and Carbidopa in Bulk and Tablet Dosage Forms

Nandhimalla Sruchitha Reddy — Fri, 29 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

the simultaneous evaluation of levodopa and carbidoxopa. The chromatogram was performed using Sunfire (250mm 4.6mm, 5μ). A mobile phase consisting of KH2PO4, acetonitrile in a 60:40 v/v ratio was injected across the column at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The temperature was kept steady at 30°C. The optimal wavelength for levodopa and carbidogopa was 280 nm. Levodopa and carbidogpa's percentage RSDs were 1.5 and 0.6, respectively. The retention durations for levodopa and carbidogopa were found to be 2.183 and 2.755 minutes, respectively. The LOD and LOQ values obtained from the Levodopa and Carbidopa regression equations were 0.003, 0.009, and 0.06, 0.18, respectively. The regression equation for levodopa is y = 85498x + 14640, whereas that for carbidogopa is y = 80352x + 11509.

DEVELOPMENT AND ASSESSMENT OF POLY HERBAL ANTI-ACNE CREAM

Ranjeetha AR — Mon, 29 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The present study aimed to develop a novel cream formulation containing Alo vera, neem,and tulsi extract for the treatment of Acne infections. Topical application is considered the most suitable approach for such infections, as it offers multiple advantages over conventional drug delivery methods, including localized action, minimal systemic side effects, and enhanced patient compliance. the formulation was evaluated using in-vitro diffusion studies. The results confirmed that the developed herbal anti acne cream is safe and effective for managing skin infections

A Novel Rp-Hplc Method Development and Validation for Determination and Estimation of Bempedoic Acid and Ezetimibe drug with its Bulk form and Tablet Formulation

Nune Deepthi — Fri, 29 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The assessment of Ezetimibe and Bempedoic Acid at the same time. Through Sunfire (250mm 4.6mm, 5μ), the chromatogram was conducted. At a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, a mobile phase comprising KH2PO4, acetonitrile in a 65:35 v/v ratio was injected across the column. A constant temperature of 30°C was maintained. Bempedoic Acid and Ezetimibe had an ideal wavelength of 245 nm. %RSD of Bempedoic Acid and Ezetimibe was found 1.5 and 0.6 to be Bempedoic Acid and Ezetimibe were shown to have retention times of 2.132 and 2.595 minutes, respectively. Bempedoic Acid and Ezetimibe regression equations yielded LOD and LOQ values of 0.58, 1.75, and 0.01, 0.03 correspondingly. Bempedoic Acid's regression equation is y = 7380.3x + 1190.5, while Ezetimibe is y = 12372x + 121.34.

BIOSIMILARS AND BIOBETTERS IN INDIA: REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, SCIENTIFIC CHALLENGES, AND IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES – A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Bhimana Sasidhar — Thu, 24 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: In response to India's increasing need for cutting-edge treatments, biosimilars provide an affordable substitute for pricy original biologics. A regulatory framework for biosimilar approval has been established by the Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO), with a focus on post-marketing safety monitoring, clinical comparability, and analytical similarity. The purpose of this review is to critically examine the scientific, regulatory, and implementation environment surrounding biosimilars and biobetters in India, with a focus on present issues and potential future paths. Methods: With an emphasis on stakeholder perceptions, pharmacovigilance, and regulatory compliance, a narrative synthesis of Indian biosimilar guidelines, scientific development pathways, and practical implementation barriers was carried out. Findings: With a strong regulatory environment and expanding domestic production capacity, India has become a global centre for biosimilars. Nonetheless, there are still issues with post-marketing surveillance, immunogenicity evaluation, and clinical trial design. Although they need specific regulatory pathways, biobetters, as next-generation biologics, represent an emerging innovation space. Enhancing biosimilar adoption and guaranteeing patient safety requires capacity-building, regulatory harmonisation, and stakeholder education. In conclusion, maximising the potential of biosimilars and biobetters in India requires improving pharmacovigilance systems, encouraging local innovation, and fortifying regulatory infrastructure. In line with national health priorities, strategic policy interventions can further enhance therapeutic affordability and accessibility.

“BARBITURATES TOXICITY AND OVERDOSE MANAGEMENT: ADVANCES IN CLINICAL TREATMENT”

Sakshitha Mathamshetty — Mon, 29 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Recognizing barbiturate toxicity in the absence of obvious symptoms requires a high index of suspicion, especially in patients with a history of barbiturate use or unexplained altered mental status. Serum drug level monitoring, toxicological screening, and extended observation are essential for early detection. Even asymptomatic individuals may deteriorate rapidly, emphasizing the need for clinical vigilance. Even in the absence of clear clinical signs, barbiturate toxicity should remain on the differential diagnosis especially in patients presenting with unexplained CNS depression or a history of use. Vigilant assessment with lab confirmation and extended monitoring is key, as clinical deterioration can be both silent and sudden.

THE MARBURG VIRUS DISEASE: A PROSPECTIVE

Meena Chandran — Wed, 24 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Marburg Virus Disease is included in the WHO list of diseases that could cause future outbreaks and Epidemics. It causes hemorrhagic fever and has shown high fatality rate. A number of outbreaks have happened since its emergence in 1967, including the recent one in Tanzania and around African subcontinent on February-May 2023. This article looks at the disease from its emergence, history of outbreaks, clinical features of the disease like mode of transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options.

A CLEAR REVIEW ON KNEE JOINT REPLACEMENT

P. Chandrasekhar — Sat, 13 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Knee stiffness, commonly referred to as restricted mobility range, is one of the major side effects following an intra-articular or extra-articular injury. Following ligament restoration, patellar tendon repair, burn, and total knee arthroplasty, it is mostly caused by scarring adhesions in the quadriceps-femoral apparatus and articular fibrosis (intra and extra). While preserving patient safety and happiness, improved recovery programs can aid in lowering hospital stays after knee replacements. Common evidence-based pre, intra, and postoperative therapies used in improved recovery protocols after TKR are described in this review. It is now difficult to give patients early relief and pain-free postoperative treatment when it comes to knee discomfort after surgery. Reducing opioid needs, post-operative pain, and opioid-related adverse events are the main goals of post-operative analgesic management. Documenting post-operative analgesic strategies following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) was the goal of this narrative review. One of the numerous patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) is patient satisfaction. Two categories—determinants of satisfaction and components of satisfaction—can be used to assess patient satisfaction. Age, gender, personality, expectations, medical and psychiatric comorbidity, and other patient-related characteristics have all been defined as the former. The severity of the arthropathy and the diagnosis that led to TKA. The latter include all TKA procedures and technical elements, such as surgical and anesthetic considerations, implant types, and postoperative recovery

ADVANCEMENTS IN BIOSENSOR TECHNOLOGIES: FROM NANOBIOSENSORS TO BIOCOMPATIBLE AND OPTICAL SYSTEMS FOR CLINICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS

Bhimana Sasidhar — Wed, 23 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Biosensor technology has progressed enormously over the past few years, mainly due to the merger of advanced materials, nanotechnology, and design strategies. This systematic review aims to provide a broad synthesis of the current research landscape, spanning an array of studies addressing the advances and applied aspects of biosensors in a variety of sectors. Biosensors with their unique ability to detect biological analytes with high sensitivity and specificity have become indispensable in clinical diagnostics, where fast and accurate detection of diseases, biomarkers, and pathogens is crucial. For environmental monitoring, biosensors are indispensable in the detection of pollutants, toxins, and pathogens, thus allowing real-time monitoring of air, water, and soil quality. On the other hand, wearable biosensors have changed the paradigm for personal health management by continuously monitoring vital signs, glucose levels, and other parameters. This review discusses material innovations including graphene, nanomaterials, and molecular imprinted polymers, as well as design innovations like miniaturization, wireless capabilities, and integration with AI for enhanced data processing. By synthesizing developments across these diverse applications, this review aims to identify trends, challenges, and future prospects in this ever-changing field of biosensor technology.

MONOCROTOPHOS USES AND DISADVANTAGES IMPACT ON SOCIETY

U D. Pawar — Tue, 02 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Monocrotophos is a member insecticide organophosphorus compound, it is an important insecticide and has a diversified role in agriculture. In India is one of the major players in the agriculture sector worldwide and it is the approx. 55% of India’s population. India has the largest area planted for wheat, rice, and cotton, and is the largest producer of milk, pulses, and spices in the world. It is the second-largest producer of fruit, vegetables, tea, farmed fish, cotton, sugarcane, wheat, rice, cotton, and sugar. The agriculture sector in India holds the record for second-largest agricultural land in the world generating employment for about half of the country’s population. The organophosphorus insecticide Monocrotophos play an important role in agriculture

NANOWIRES IN DIAGNOSIS OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

Meharunnisa Abdul Rahman — Fri, 19 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by the accumulation to improving therapeutic outcomes, yet current diagnostic tools are often invasive, expensive, and lack sufficient sensitivity for early-stage detection. Recent advancements of amyloid-beta plaques and tau tangles, leading to cognitive decline and neuronal loss. Early diagnosis is critical in nanotechnologyparticularly the application of nanowireshave opened promising avenues for the development of highly sensitive, non-invasive diagnostic tools for AD. Nanowires, owing to their unique one-dimensional structure, high surface-to-volume ratio, and tunable electrical and optical properties, serve as powerful platforms for biomarker detection. Various types of nanowires, including gold, silicon, carbon, and conducting polymer nanowires, have been engineered to detect AD-related biomarkers such as amyloid-beta and tau proteins through electrochemical sensing, field-effect transistor (FET) configurations, fluorescence, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Despite significant progress, challenges remain in ensuring biocompatibility, reproducibility, and clinical scalability. This review highlights the mechanisms, materials, and sensing strategies used in nanowire-based diagnostics for Alzheimer’s, emphasizing their potential to revolutionize early detection and enable more effective disease management.

AN OVERVIEW OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN OVARIAN CANCER

Paras Jain — Fri, 12 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Ovarian cancer ranks as the fifth most common cause of cancer-related mortality in women. The early detection, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of ovarian cancer could all be completely transformed by artificial intelligence (AI), which has become a key advancement in oncology. More precise and individualized medical care is made possible by AI's ability to extract clinically relevant information from a variety of data sources by utilizing sophisticated computational algorithms. AI presents numerous chances to improve the treatment of ovarian cancer along the spectrum of care. For clinical translation to be safe, efficient, and equitable in the future, federated learning strategies, explainable AI frameworks, strong validation, and interdisciplinary cooperation will be essential. In this review, we have described about the artificial intelligence and its role to treat ovarian cancer by using several biomarkers and methods of diagnosis like Decision Trees (DT), Random Forest (RF), IG, Gini Index, Support Vector Machine (SVM).

BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN MEDICINAL PLANTS DUE TO EXPOSURE TO PESTICIDES

Dr. Ragunathan Muthusamy — Thu, 17 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Pesticides are essential for agricultural pest management and crop protection, but their use often results in unanticipated biochemical changes in medicinal plants that could jeopardise their safety and effectiveness. This study outlines the current understanding of the biochemical alterations caused by pesticide exposure in medicinal plants, with a focus on alterations in primary and secondary metabolites, oxidative stress responses, and detoxification systems.
Pesticides that can interfere with plant metabolism and significantly change the production of bioactive compounds include insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides. Changes in primary metabolites, such as proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, may have an effect on the growth and development of plants. More significantly, both quantitative and qualitative alterations are often observed in the secondary metabolites—alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, and glycosides—that confer medicinal properties to plants. According to some study, pesticide-induced toxicity may result in a drop in some secondary metabolites, whereas defensive responses may cause them to rise.
Pesticide exposure induces oxidative stress in plants, leading to an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In order to fight oxidative damage, medicinal plants activate antioxidant defence mechanisms, which include enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase) and non-enzymatic (ascorbic acid, glutathione, phenolic substances) antioxidants. The degree of oxidative stress and the efficiency of the antioxidant response are influenced by the type, concentration, and duration of pesticide exposure.
Additionally, pesticides affect the detoxification processes of plants, particularly the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, which degrade and eliminate toxic chemicals. These biochemical alterations may raise or lower a plant's therapeutic value, depending on how detoxification and metabolic disruption are managed.
Since changing phytochemical profiles may impact therapeutic efficacy, potency, and safety, these alterations have important ramifications for herbal therapy. Furthermore, users of therapeutic plants may be at risk for health problems due to pesticide residues. In order to ensure that medicinal plants continue to provide therapeutic benefits while posing the fewest risks to human health, this study emphasises the need for sustainable agricultural practices, strict pesticide regulations, and additional research to evaluate the long-term biochemical effects on medicinal plants.