World Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND RAPID ANALYTICAL TECHNIC FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF MONTELUKAST AND BILASTINE IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM BY USING RP-HPLC METHOD

Dr. Subhas Sahoo — Fri, 17 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

A simple, Accurate, precise method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of the Bilastine and Montelukast in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. Chromatogram was run through Agilent C18 150 x 4.6 mm, 5mm. Mobile phase containing Buffer :Acetonitrile taken in the ratio 70:30 was pumped through column at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. Buffer used in this method was 0.01N Na2Hpo4 buffer. Temperature was maintained at 30°C. Optimized wavelength selected was 265.0 nm. Retention time of Bilastine and Montelukast were found to be 2.141 min and 2.605 min. %RSD of the Bilastine and Montelukast were and found to be 0.4% and 0.2% respectively. %Recovery was obtained as 99.47% and 99.55% for Bilastine and Montelukast respectively. LOD, LOQ values obtained from regression equations of Bilastine and Montelukast were 0.1, 0.03 and 0.03, 0.10 respectively. % Assay was obtained as 99.74% and 99.72% for Bilastine and Montelukast respectively. Regression equation of is Montelukast y = 45726x + 6306.9, y = 43360x + 810 of Bilastine.

RP-HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF TENEGLIPTIN AND REMOGLIFLOZIN IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM

Dr. S. Srinivasa Rao — Fri, 17 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Simultaneous estimation of the Remogliflozin and Teneligliptin in pharmaceutical dosage form. Chromatogram was run through Discovery C18 250 x 4.6 mm, 5m. Mobile phase containing Buffer Ammonium acetate: Acetonitrile taken in the ratio 60:40 was pumped through column at a flow rate of 0.9 ml/min.. Temperature was maintained at 30°C. Optimized wavelength selected was 229 nm. Remogliflozin and Teneligliptin were eluted at 2.139 min and 2.176 min respectively. %RSD of the Remogliflozin and Teneligliptin were and found to be 0.6 and 0.7 respectively. %Recovery was obtained as 99.50% and 99.50% for Remogliflozin and Teneligliptin respectively. LOD, LOQ values obtained from regression equations of Remogliflozin and Teneligliptin were 0.11, 0.33 and 0.005, 0.014 respectively. Regression equation of Remogliflozin is y = 52813x + 14718, and y = 69817x + 586.95 of Teneligliptin.

HPLC-BASED METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR QUANTIFICATION OF NIRMATRELVIR AND RITONAVIR IN COMBINATION THERAPY

Dr. S. Srinivasa Rao — Fri, 17 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

A simple, Accurate, precise method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of the Nirmatrelvir and Ritonavir in pharmaceutical dosage form. Chromatogram was run through Kromasil C18 250 x 4.6 mm, 5. Mobile phase containing Buffer 0.1% OPA : Acetonitrile taken in the ratio 60:40 was pumped through column at a flow rate of 1.0ml/min. Buffer used in this method was 0.1% OPA. Temperature was maintained at 30°C. Optimized wavelength selected was 240 nm. Nirmatrelvir and Ritonavir were eluted at 2.303 min and 2.783 min respectively. %RSD of the Nirmatrelvir and Ritonavir were and found to be 0.8 and 0.5 respectively. %Recovery was obtained as 99.63% and 99.70% for Nirmatrelvir and Ritonavir respectively. LOD, LOQ values obtained from regression equations of Nirmatrelvir and Ritonavir were 0.04, 0.13 and 0.01, 0.02 respectively. Regression equation of Nirmatrelvir is y = 92901x + 3504.3, and y = 116867x + 4632.7 of Ritonavir.

EVALUATION OF THE ANTIASTHMATIC ACTIVITY OF AZIMA TETRACANTHA LAM LEAVES IN ANIMAL MODEL

Madhu Shri — Thu, 23 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Asthma is a chronic disease that affects approximately 300 million people worldwide. Although wide range of drug is available, the relief provided by them is mainly symptomatic and short lived. Moreover, the side effects of these drugs are also quite disturbing. Hence, a continuous search is on going to identify effective and safe remedies to treat bronchial asthma. Ayurveda is a great Indian tradition and have an important role in discovery of new medicines. There are many natural herbs that can be used for asthma, treatment. Azima Tetracantha Lam is traditionally used to treat asthma. Although these plants possess diverse pharmacological actions, the scientific data on anti-asthmatic actions of this plant has got little attention. An attempt has been made to evaluate antiasthamatic activity of Azima Tetracantha Lam of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of medicinal plant. Different groups of guinea pigs (350-500 g) of either sex were subjected to acetylcholine (n = 5) and histamine-induced (n = 10) airway constriction. AQEAT and ALEAT (200 and 300 mg/kg) showed potent bronchodilator activity on histamine-and acetylcholine-induced airway constriction in guinea pigs. These extract has shown the sub-effective dose produced at 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg in all the models. The LD50 of the Aqueous and Alcoholic extracts at a dose of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg are found to be 2262.7 and 1131.4 by oral route. These LD50 values fall within the practically non-toxic range. The present study for the first time indicates anti-asthmatic, acute, sub-acute studies of Azima Tetracantha Lam medicinal plants, confirming their traditional claims. The anti-asthmatic action of Azima Tetracantha Lam could be due to the inhibition of the synthesis, release or action of histamine and acetylcholine effect.

RP-HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF PREGABALIN AND ETORICOXIB IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS

Dr. S. Srinivasa Rao — Fri, 17 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The simultaneous estimation of the Pregabalin and Etoricoxib in Tablet dosage form. Chromatogram was run through Agilent C18 150 mm (4.6 x 150mm, 5μm) Mobile phase containing Buffer 70% (Ammonium acetate ) :40% Acetonitrile was pumped through column at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. Temperature was maintained at 30°C. Optimized wavelength selected was 234.0 nm. Retention time of Pregabalin and Etoricoxib were found to be 2.233 min and 2.712 min. %RSD of the Pregabalin and Etoricoxib were and found to be 0.5 and 0.5 respectively. %Recovery was obtained as 100.06% and 99.81% for Pregabalin and Etoricoxib respectively. LOD, LOQ values obtained from regression equations of Pregabalin and Etoricoxib were 0.03, 0.09 and 0.02, 0.06 respectively. Regression equation of Pregabalin is y = 33728x + 2248.7, and y = 37618x + 3978.9 of Etoricoxib.

A COMPARATIVE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF BROILER PRODUCTION COSTS: SELECTED ARAB COUNTRIES, TURKEY, AND THE UNITED STATES COMPARED TO GLOBAL STANDARDS

Faisal Sayed Abdalgalil — Wed, 29 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This systematic review examines the biological and economic performance of broiler production systems in Sudan, Egypt, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and the United States, benchmarked against global efficiency standards. Using normalized data (2024 constant USD), the study integrates cost structure, performance, and sensitivity analyses to identify major efficiency gaps and resilience factors. Results show that feed accounts for 55-61% of total production costs, making it the dominant driver of economic performance across all systems. Turkey (USD 0.69/kg) and the USA (USD 0.73/kg) achieved global-level competitiveness through superior feed conversion ratios (FCR 1.5-1.6), advanced genetics, and technological integration. Arab producers, particularly Sudan (USD 0.95 pre-war, USD 1.75 post-war 2025), Egypt (USD 0.90), and Jordan (USD 0.92), recorded higher costs due to feed import dependence, energy constraints, and limited mechanization (FAO, 2023; World Poultry Foundation, 2023).
In Sudan, war-related disruptions caused a five-fold currency devaluation and destruction of parent-stock farms, leading to reliance on imported fertilized eggs and diesel power, which raised DOC and energy costs. Despite these challenges, the sector shows adaptive resilience through shortened production cycles and stable FCR (Aviagen, 2022; Cobb-Vantress, 2021). The findings emphasize the need for integrated recovery strategies combining feed autonomy, hatchery rehabilitation, renewable energy adoption, and targeted financial support. Regionally, improved policy coordination, technology transfer, and localized feed production are essential to enhance competitiveness and food security under volatile economic conditions.
Broiler production economics viability varies significantly between developed and developing nations. This study provides a comparative economic analysis of broiler production costs in selected Arab countries (Sudan, Egypt, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia), Turkey, and the United States, benchmarked against global efficiency standards. Data were sourced from peer- reviewed literature, government statistics, and international reports (2017-2024), with Sudanese data reflecting projected pre-war conditions for 2024. Cost components analyzed included day-old chicks (DOC), feed, labor, housing, veterinary care, and mortality.
Results reveal substantial cross-country variation: Turkey recorded the lowest cost per kilogram of live weight ($0.69), followed by the United States ($0.73), while Sudan exhibited the highest ($0.95), with Egypt ($0.90), Jordan ($0.92), and Saudi Arabia ($0.81) also exceeding the global benchmark of $0.78/kg (FAO, 2023; World Poultry Foundation, 2023). Feed was the dominant cost component, accounting for 58.6%-60.6% of total costs, slightly above the global optimal range of 56%-57% (FAO, 2023). Egypt and Jordan bore the heaviest feed cost burden. By contrast, the United States and Turkey allocated a larger share to DOC (21.74% and 21.88%, respectively), reflecting investment in superior genetics that enhanced growth rates and feed conversion efficiency (Aviagen, 2022; Cobb-Vantress, 2021).
Sensitivity analysis indicated that a ±10% fluctuation in feed prices altered production costs by up to ±6% in Sudan and Egypt. These findings highlight the vulnerability of Arab producers to volatility in imported and locally produced feed ingredients, while demonstrating the resilience of technology-intensive systems in Turkey and the United States.

The study concludes that enhancing competitiveness in the Arab region requires strategic investments in local feed production, advanced genetics, and mechanization. Policy interventions should prioritize the development of domestic feed industries, support modern hatcheries, incentivize automation, and strengthen biosecurity measures to reduce costs and build resilience against external shocks (FAO, 2023; Aviagen, 2022; Cobb-Vantress, 2021).

THE ECONOMIC SHOCK OF CONFLICT: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BROILERPRODUCTION COSTS IN SUDAN PRE-WAR (2023) AND POST-WAR (2025) AGAINST GLOBALBENCHMARKS

Faisal Sayed Abdalgalil — Wed, 29 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study provides a focused economic analysis of the broiler production sector in Sudan, comparing its pre-war (2023) efficiency with its post-war (2025) condition, benchmarked against global standards. Utilizing normalized data (2024 constant USD), the research examines cost structures, biological performance, and economic resilience in the face of profound systemic disruption. Before the 2023 conflict, Sudan's production cost was USD 0.95/kg live weight, already 22% above the global benchmark of USD 0.78/kg. The war triggered a catastrophic cost escalation, with the 2025 post-war cost soaring to USD 1.75/kg, a 142% deviation from the global standard. This surge was driven by a five-fold currency devaluation, the destruction of most large integrated broiler companies including parent-stock farms forcing reliance on imported fertilized eggs, and a shift to costly diesel-generated power, which multiplied energy expenses. Despite this, some recovery efforts emerged through private-sector partnerships that resumed fertile egg imports and limited hatchery operations, partially restoring supply but at high cost. The Day-Old Chick (DOC) cost share exploded from 22.8% to 38.9% of total costs. Despite these shocks, the sector demonstrated notable biological resilience, maintaining a feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.5. The findings underscore that the crisis is primarily economic and infrastructural, not biological. The study concludes that targeted interventions focusing on hatchery rehabilitation, feed sovereignty, renewable energy adoption, and macroeconomic stabilization are critical for restoring Sudan's poultry sector and its vital role in national food security.