Therapeutic potential and structural elucidation of a water-soluble polysaccharide of a wild edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus against neurodegenerative disease, Alzheimer

Abstract

Water-soluble polysaccharide (AB) is soluble polysaccharides extracted by hot water from Agaricus bisporus. Its composition was analyzed by HPLC, IR spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The results indicated that AB was composed of glucose and galactose in molar ratio of 6:1 with molecular weight of 19.4 KDa.  AB showed potent antioxidant effect in an in-vitro assay. It was powerful as radical scavenger, reducing agent, metal chelator and inhibitor for lipid peroxidation. AB has been tested on Alzheimer's disease (AD) in particular on its antioxidant potential and on AD brain in AlCl₃ modal. Rats were divided into four groups (n=15), control, AlCl₃ intoxicant treated with AB. Brain tissue was separated for enzymes assays including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), TBARS level as an index of malondialdehyde (MDA), cholinergic markers and apoptotic. AB treated AD ALCl₃ intoxication of CAT and SOD activity, total antioxidant capacity and anti-apoptotic factor (Bcl-2 and BDNF) with enhancing cholenergic biomarker acetylcholine concentration and inhibited acetylcholine esterase activity however it reduced oxidative stress biomarkers (malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide).