EVALUATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY THROUGH IN VITRO AND IN VIVO MODELS

Abstract

Inflammation is a complex biological response of the immune system to harmful stimuli such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. Chronic inflammation is associated with various diseases, including autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Anti-inflammatory agents aim to modulate or suppress inflammation, thus providing therapeutic benefits. This paper explores the in vivo and in vitro models used to study anti-inflammatory mechanisms and evaluate the efficacy of potential anti-inflammatory agents. In vitro models, such as cell cultures and cytokine assays, provide controlled environments to study specific molecular and cellular pathways. In contrast, in vivo models, including animal studies, offer insights into systemic responses and pharmacokinetics. A comprehensive understanding of these models is critical for developing effective anti-inflammatory therapies. This review highlights the advantages, limitations, and applications of both in vivo and in vitro approaches, providing a framework for selecting appropriate models in preclinical research.