OVERVIEW ON PLANT TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES

Abstract

In the area of plant science, plant tissue culture is an innovative technique which enables for certain control over a plant's growth and development by modifying its cells, tissues, and organs in vitro. An overview regarding the main methods, procedures,and applications of plant tissue culture is provided in this abstract. The initial phase in the method involves selecting explants, which are tiny plant pieces that have been sterilized to remove impurities, such leaves, stems, or embryos. After that, these explants are cultivated in a nutritional medium that contains vitamins, hormones, and other necessary components. To promote cell division, differentiation, and organogenesis, the culture conditions such as temperature, light, and humidity are maintainedcarefully.Plant tissue culture uses several basic techniques such somatic embryogenesis, that produces embryos from somatic cells, and micro propagation, which multiplies identical plants instantaneously. In the process of regeneration,callus induction,organogenesis, and embryogenesis are critical phases. In order to generate transgenic plants with specific characteristics, genetic modification techniques such as gene transfer and editing have also been included into plant tissue culture.Plant tissue culture has a wide range of significant applications, including the propagation of plants, preservation of germplasm, preservation of endangered species, and the development of disease-free plants. In addition, it is an efficient tool for fundamental research, enabling scientists to investigate plant physiology, biochemistry, and genetics in controlled conditions.The implementation of plant tissue culture techniques has reshaped agriculture and plant biology by providing a flexible platform for modification and development of plants. The field's ongoing progress holds great potential for tackling worldwide challenges such as sustainable agriculture, preservation of the environment, and food security.