A Review on Solvent Use in HPLC

Abstract

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is one of the newest and accurate analytical techniques used for the various things like separation, identification, and quantification of complex mixtures in pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and environmental sciences. The efficiency and reproducibility of HPLC highly depend on the solvent system employed in the mobile phase. Solvents play a main role in determining the selectivity, resolution, retention time, and peak symmetry of analytes. The choice of solvents is influenced by some factors such as polarity, viscosity, UV transparency, miscibility, and pH stability. The classification of HPLC solvents can broadly be divided into aqueous and organic components. Aqueous solvents, including pure or buffered water, provide stability and polarity control, while organic modifiers like methanol, acetonitrile, and tetrahydrofuran enhance elution strength and selectivity. One of the most sophisticated and accurate analytical methods for the separation, identification, and measurement of complex mixtures in the fields of environmental sciences, biotechnology, and pharmaceuticals is High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The solvent system used in the mobile phase has a significant impact on HPLC's efficiency and repeatability. The selectivity, resolution, retention time, and peak symmetry of analytes are all significantly influenced by solvents. Numerous factors, including polarity, viscosity, UV transparency, miscibility, and pH stability, affect the choice of solvents. Aqueous and organic components make up the two main categories into which HPLC solvents are classified. Organic modifiers such as methanol, acetonitrile, and tetrahydrofuran improve elution strength and selectivity, while aqueous solvents, such as pure or buffered water, offer stability and polarity control.