Pharmacological evaluation of crude and partially purified fractions of Z. jujuba Mill. Gard. bark

Abstract

Traditional background and subsequent research investigations has already confirmed Ziziphus jujuba possessing bioactive compounds with therapeutic properties. The present study has been aimed to elucidate and compare the capabilities of different extracts of Z. jujuba bark for antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. Free radical scavenging activity was analyzed by DPPH assay. CPA47 endothelial cells were assessed with Z. jujuba bark partially purified fraction for in vitro antiproliferative potential by MTT assay and wound healing ability was evaluated by cell migration assay. Composition of potent fraction for the existence of specific class of compounds was subsequently detected using Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Z. jujuba methanol extract (ZJM-A) effectively exhibited antioxidant activity with IC₅₀ value 4.211 ± 0.22 mg/ml. Active partially purified Z. jujuba triterpenoid (ZJT) fraction significantly inhibited proliferation of CPA47 cells in a dose dependent manner with IC₅₀ value 35.67 ± 0.14 µg/ml (R²=0.97). ZJT fraction with significantly high cytotoxic activity against CPA47 cells exhibited attenuation of endothelial cell migration. GC-MS results revealed existence of bioactive compounds in most effective partially purified ZJT fraction as lupeol, betulin, Urs-12-en-28-oic acid, 3β-hydroxy-, methyl ester and 2-Hydroxy-10-isopropenyl-3,3,5a,5b,12b-pentamethyloctadecahydrodicyclopenta[a,i]phenanthrene-1,7a(1H)-dicarboxylic acid. Results of our research work indicate that Z. jujuba bark contains bioactive phytochemicals with potent antioxidant, antiproliferative and antiangiogenic properties.