Source, isolation & impact of glycone and aglycone in human body: https://doi.org/10.54037/WJPS.2021.91107

Kushal Nandi; Rimum Ghosh; Suprodip Mondal; Dr. Dhrubo Jyoti Sen; Dr. Dhananjoy Saha

Authors

Kushal Nandi Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Techno India University, Salt Lake City, Sector–V, EM–4, Kolkata–700091, West Bengal, India.
Rimum Ghosh Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Techno India University, Salt Lake City, Sector–V, EM–4, Kolkata–700091, West Bengal, India.
Suprodip Mondal Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Techno India University, Salt Lake City, Sector–V, EM–4, Kolkata–700091, West Bengal, India.
Dr. Dhrubo Jyoti Sen Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Techno India University, Salt Lake City, Sector–V, EM–4, Kolkata–700091, West Bengal, India.
Dr. Dhananjoy Saha Deputy Director, Directorate of Technical Education, Bikash Bhavan, Salt Lake City, Kolkata‒700091, West Bengal, India.

Keywords:

glycoside, aglycone, chemistry, structure, metabolite, activity, toxicity, therapy

Abstract

Widely distributed in plants, glycosides comprise a large group of secondary metabolites. Glycosides are structurally diverse and given their proven bioactivities and traditional use, they are of great importance to the regime of Pharmacognosy; still there remains much to be elucidated on their roles and properties. Like all glycosides is a construction consisting of two parts, an aglycone (genin) unit, which is mainly lipophilic, and a glycone unit which is hydrophilic and composed of one or more sugar components. In this chapter, natural plant glycosides, such as phenolic and flavonoids, coumarins, chromones, anthraquinones, saponosides, cardiac, cyanogenic, and thioglycosides have been characterized; their chemistry and structure–activity relationships, plant sources, and extraction methods are also discussed. Further, the chapter reflects the traditional and well documented therapeutic uses, mechanisms of action, possible adverse effects, and toxicity of these metabolites, and the prospects and trends in evaluating natural glycosides as new effective therapeutics.