Acute and subchronic oral toxicity assessment of leaves aqueous extract of Triumfetta pentandra (Tiliaceae) on mice and rats

Abstract

Triumfetta pentandra is used in African traditional medicine against diabetes mellitus, goiter and wounds. The objective of the study was to evaluate the acute and subchronic oral toxicity of leaves aqueous extract of T. pentandra. In acute toxicity, mice received a single administration of T. pentandra (0, 1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg) and were observed for 7 days. In subchronic study, rats were fed daily with T. pentandra (0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) for 28 days. Food and water intake were measured daily and relative body weigh were evaluated weekly. After 28 days, animals were sacrificed and blood samples were collected for determine, haematological and biochemical parameters. Relative organ weight and histological examinations were evaluated. There were no deaths as a result of acute toxicity, hence the LD₅₀ > 5000 mg/kg. In subchronic toxicity study, decreased body weight in rats treated at 250 mg/kg was observed. The percentage of monocytes and platelets counts increased at 500 mg/kg and the percentage of granulocytes decreased at 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg. Serum protein increased at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg. Renal clearance of creatinine decreased at 1000 mg/kg. Photomicrograph of the liver revealed a congestion of the central vein at the dose 1000 mg/kg. In conclusion, leaf aqueous extracts of T. pentandra may be considered as relatively safe.