Toxicological profile of the aqueous extract of Mangifera indica Linn (Anarcadiaceae)

Tchoumba Tchoumi LM; Poualeu Kamani SL; Miaffo D; Nchouwet ML; Yousseu Nana W; Wego Kamgaing MT; Kamanyi A; Wansi Ngnokam SL

Authors

Tchoumba Tchoumi LM Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, PO Box 67 Dschang, Cameroon
Poualeu Kamani SL Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, PO Box 67 Dschang, Cameroon
Miaffo D Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Maroua, PO Box 55 Maroua, Cameroon
Nchouwet ML Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, PO Box 67 Dschang, Cameroon
Yousseu Nana W Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, PO Box 67 Dschang, Cameroon
Wego Kamgaing MT Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, PO Box 67 Dschang, Cameroon
Kamanyi A Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, PO Box 67 Dschang, Cameroon
Wansi Ngnokam SL Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, PO Box 67 Dschang, Cameroon

Keywords:

Mangifera indica, cytotoxicity, acute toxicity, sub-chronic toxicity

Abstract

Mangifera indica is a plant used in traditional medicine in the West region of Cameroon. This study aimed to assess the toxicity profile of the aqueous extract of Mangifera indica (AEMI) stem bark. The extract was tested on larvae of Artemia salina for cytotoxicity study and in rats for acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity studies. For acute evaluation, AEMI was given to rats at single dose of 5000 mg/kg and they were observed for 14 days. For sub-chronic study, AEMI was administered at doses of 300, 400 and 500 mg/kg for 28 days; body weight, food and water intake, hematological, biochemical and histological parameters were evaluated. The results showed that AEMI has no cytotoxic effect and the mean lethal concentration (LC₅₀) was 4168 μg/mL. No mortality or signs of toxicity were observed in the acute study. In the subchronic study, water consumption, serum AST, triglycerides, total and LDL cholesterol significantly decreased (p<0.05) whereas platelets count, urinary volume, serum creatinine and HDL cholesterol significantly increased (p<0.05). Histopathological analysis revealed some abnormalities on the livers and kidneys of rats treated at dose of 500 mg/kg. The results suggest that AEMI may have deleterious effects at high doses following long term administration.