ROLE OF NANOPARTICLES IN THE TREATMENT OF CANCER: A REVIEW

Abstract

One of the wide variety of diseases known as cancer is characterized by the unchecked growth of abnormal cells that can enter, destroy, and spread throughout healthy human tissue. An unusual lump, unusual bleeding, chronic cough or breathing difficulties, and weight changes, including unintentional gain or loss, are some of the main signs and symptoms of cancer. Currently, traditional cancer treatments are confined to surgery, radiation, immuno, targeted, and chemotherapy, all of which have the potential to be harmful. However, these conventional anticancer treatments, are challenged by drug resistance, severity, and side effects. To combat this, nanotechnology has been the subject of much research and application in the treatment of cancer. This is because nanotechnology possesses inherent anti-cancer properties owing to its antioxidant action, which also inhibits the formation of tumors. When it comes to treating cancer, nanoparticle-based drug delivery offers several benefits over traditional drug delivery, such as improved stability and biocompatibility, higher permeability and retention effect, and precise targeting. Many anti-cancer drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate, Doxil (doxorubicin), and Abraxane (paclitaxel), have been effectively manufactured using nanomaterials. This study summarizes current developments in the field of cancer treatment and addresses the many kinds of nanoparticles, their benefits, and their targeting mechanisms.